The citation layer
Studies index
Every study is a structured card: a neutral summary, full citation, study type, and an evidence tier. We flag in-vitro and animal work versus human trials, so the strength of evidence is never ambiguous.
7 studies
- Review (animal) Biomedicines · 2022Reported neuroprotective effects of BPC-157 in animal models of CNS injury
The review collects animal studies in which BPC-157 was associated with reduced injury markers across several central-nervous-system models. The authors describe the findings as early-stage and emphasize that no controlled human studies support these observations.
- Human (pilot) Neurology · 2019Tesamorelin and cognitive measures in older adults: a pilot study
This small pilot reported changes on some cognitive test measures in participants receiving tesamorelin relative to placebo. The sample was small and the study was exploratory, so the results should be treated as preliminary and confirmed in larger trials.
- Review (animal) Current Pharmaceutical Design · 2018BPC-157 and gastrointestinal cytoprotection along the gut-brain axis
This review summarizes preclinical reports in which BPC-157 was associated with protection of the gastrointestinal lining and signaling along the gut-brain axis in animal models. The authors note that the underlying studies are largely in rodents and that human evidence is lacking.
- Animal Journal of Orthopaedic Research · 2010Effect of BPC-157 on tendon-to-bone healing in a rat model
In this rat model, animals given BPC-157 showed faster recovery of tendon-to-bone attachment strength than saline-treated controls. Because the study was conducted only in rodents, the results do not establish whether a similar effect occurs in humans.
- Randomized controlled trial New England Journal of Medicine · 2010Tesamorelin for reduction of visceral adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipodystrophy
In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, participants receiving tesamorelin had a measurable reduction in visceral adipose tissue compared with placebo over the study period. The trial was conducted in a specific HIV population, and results may not generalize to other groups.
- Human (pilot) Neuro Endocrinol. Lett. · 2007Long-term peptide bioregulator administration in older adults (follow-up)
This small, older, non-blinded follow-up reported changes in some aging markers. The study design is weak by modern standards and the results should be treated as preliminary, not confirmatory.
- In-vitro Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. · 2003Epitalon and telomerase activity in human somatic cell culture
The authors reported induction of telomerase activity and some additional cell divisions in cultured human fibroblasts. The work is early-stage, in-vitro only, and has not been established in living humans.